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Wednesday, March 16, 2016

RHEL 7 - Updating Kernel

To install a new version of the kernel, you can use the command yum upgrade kernel. The yum install kernel command also works. Both commands install the new kernel besides the old kernel.

Other option is to download the kernel and install using # rpm -Uvh kernel

The kernel files for the last four kernels that you have installed on your server will be kept in the /boot directory. The GRUB2 boot loaded automatically picks up all kernels that it finds in this directory.

In this exercise, you will install the latest available kernel using the yum command with the assumption that your system is subscribed to the Red Hat Subscription Management service, and the service is accessible from your system. You will need to ensure that the exisiting kernel and it configuration remains intact

1)      Run the uname command and check the version of the running kernel:

[root@server1 grub2]# uname -r
3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64

[root@server1 /]# yum list installed kernel
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
Installed Packages
kernel.x86_64                                                                                     3.10.0-123.el7                                                                                      @anaconda/7.0

[root@server1 /]# yum info kernel
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
rhel-7-server-rpms                                       | 3.7 kB     00:00    
rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                |  19 MB  00:03:43    
(1/2): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                         | 1.1 MB  00:00:12    
(2/2): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                                           | 134 kB  00:00:12    
Installed Packages
Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 123.el7
Size        : 127 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : anaconda
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.

Available Packages
Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 327.10.1.el7
Size        : 33 M
Repo        : rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.



[root@server1 /]# grep -v "#" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

[Output Truncated]

menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, with Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc' {
       load_video
       set gfxpayload=keep
       insmod gzio
       insmod part_msdos
       insmod xfs
       set root='hd0,msdos2'
       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2 --hint='hd0,msdos2'  a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
       else
         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
       fi
       linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto  vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16
       initrd16 /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, with Linux 0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6-advanced-a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc' {
       load_video
       insmod gzio
       insmod part_msdos
       insmod xfs
       set root='hd0,msdos2'
       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2 --hint='hd0,msdos2'  a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
       else
         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
       fi
       linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6 root=UUID=a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto  vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16
       initrd16 /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6.img
}


[Output Truncated]

2)      Run the yum command to install the latest available kernel from the subscription management service using either the update or the install subcommand:

[root@server1 /]# yum update -y kernel
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
rhel-7-server-rpms                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.7 kB  00:00:00    
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: linux-firmware >= 20150904-43 for package: kernel-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: dracut >= 033-283 for package: kernel-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dracut.x86_64 0:033-161.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: dracut = 033-161.el7 for package: dracut-network-033-161.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: dracut = 033-161.el7 for package: dracut-config-rescue-033-161.el7.x86_64
---> Package dracut.x86_64 0:033-360.el7_2 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: systemd >= 219 for package: dracut-033-360.el7_2.x86_64
---> Package libertas-sd8686-firmware.noarch 0:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package libertas-sd8787-firmware.noarch 0:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package libertas-usb8388-firmware.noarch 2:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7 will be updated
---> Package linux-firmware.noarch 0:20150904-43.git6ebf5d5.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 0:033-161.el7 will be updated
---> Package dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 0:033-360.el7_2 will be an update
---> Package dracut-network.x86_64 0:033-161.el7 will be updated
---> Package dracut-network.x86_64 0:033-360.el7_2 will be an update
---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:208-11.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: systemd = 208-11.el7 for package: systemd-python-208-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: systemd = 208-11.el7 for package: libgudev1-208-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: systemd = 208-11.el7 for package: systemd-sysv-208-11.el7.x86_64
---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: systemd-libs = 219-19.el7_2.4 for package: systemd-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kmod >= 18-4 for package: systemd-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kmod.x86_64 0:14-9.el7 will be updated
---> Package kmod.x86_64 0:20-5.el7 will be an update
---> Package libgudev1.x86_64 0:208-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 will be an update
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:208-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 will be an update
---> Package systemd-python.x86_64 0:208-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd-python.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 will be an update
---> Package systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:208-11.el7 will be updated
---> Package systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 will be an update
--> Processing Conflict: systemd-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64 conflicts initscripts < 9.49.28-1
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Running transaction check
---> Package initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.17-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.30-1.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                              Arch                                   Version                                                      Repository                                          Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel                                               x86_64                                 3.10.0-327.10.1.el7                                          rhel-7-server-rpms                                  33 M
 linux-firmware                                       noarch                                 20150904-43.git6ebf5d5.el7                                   rhel-7-server-rpms                                  24 M
     replacing  libertas-sd8686-firmware.noarch 20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7
     replacing  libertas-sd8787-firmware.noarch 20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7
     replacing  libertas-usb8388-firmware.noarch 2:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7
Updating:
 initscripts                                          x86_64                                 9.49.30-1.el7                                                rhel-7-server-rpms                                 429 k
Updating for dependencies:
 dracut                                               x86_64                                 033-360.el7_2                                                rhel-7-server-rpms                                 311 k
 dracut-config-rescue                                 x86_64                                 033-360.el7_2                                                rhel-7-server-rpms                                  50 k
 dracut-network                                       x86_64                                 033-360.el7_2                                                rhel-7-server-rpms                                  90 k
 kmod                                                 x86_64                                 20-5.el7                                                     rhel-7-server-rpms                                 114 k
 libgudev1                                            x86_64                                 219-19.el7_2.4                                               rhel-7-server-rpms                                  65 k
 systemd                                              x86_64                                 219-19.el7_2.4                                               rhel-7-server-rpms                                 5.1 M
 systemd-libs                                         x86_64                                 219-19.el7_2.4                                               rhel-7-server-rpms                                 357 k
 systemd-python                                       x86_64                                 219-19.el7_2.4                                               rhel-7-server-rpms                                  98 k
 systemd-sysv                                         x86_64                                 219-19.el7_2.4                                               rhel-7-server-rpms                                  52 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages
Upgrade  1 Package  (+9 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 64 M
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for rhel-7-server-rpms
(1/12): dracut-config-rescue-033-360.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                       |  50 kB  00:00:02    
(2/12): dracut-network-033-360.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                             |  90 kB  00:00:02    
(3/12): initscripts-9.49.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                | 429 kB  00:00:07    
(4/12): dracut-033-360.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                     | 311 kB  00:00:12    
(5/12): kmod-20-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            | 114 kB  00:00:03    
(6/12): libgudev1-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                 |  65 kB  00:00:10    
(7/12): linux-firmware-20150904-43.git6ebf5d5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                |  24 MB  00:11:29    
(8/12): systemd-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                   | 5.1 MB  00:01:48    
(9/12): systemd-libs-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                              | 357 kB  00:00:11    
(10/12): systemd-python-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                           |  98 kB  00:00:11    
(11/12): systemd-sysv-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                             |  52 kB  00:00:04    
(12/12): kernel-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                              |  33 MB  00:14:11    
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                               76 kB/s |  64 MB  00:14:22    
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : systemd-libs-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                             1/26
  Updating   : systemd-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  2/26
  Updating   : dracut-033-360.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    3/26
  Updating   : kmod-20-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                           4/26
  Updating   : initscripts-9.49.30-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                               5/26
  Installing : linux-firmware-20150904-43.git6ebf5d5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                               6/26
  Installing : kernel-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              7/26
  Updating   : dracut-config-rescue-033-360.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                      8/26
  Updating   : dracut-network-033-360.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                            9/26
  Updating   : systemd-python-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                          10/26
  Updating   : systemd-sysv-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                            11/26
  Updating   : libgudev1-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                               12/26
  Cleanup    : dracut-network-033-161.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                             13/26
  Cleanup    : dracut-config-rescue-033-161.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                       14/26
  Cleanup    : systemd-sysv-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                15/26
  Erasing    : libertas-sd8787-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                   16/26
  Erasing    : libertas-sd8686-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                   17/26
  Erasing    : 2:libertas-usb8388-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                18/26
  Cleanup    : linux-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                             19/26
  Cleanup    : dracut-033-161.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     20/26
  Cleanup    : initscripts-9.49.17-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              21/26
  Cleanup    : libgudev1-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   22/26
  Cleanup    : systemd-python-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              23/26
  Cleanup    : systemd-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     24/26
  Cleanup    : kmod-14-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          25/26
  Cleanup    : systemd-libs-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                26/26
rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/productid                                                                                                                                                 | 1.7 kB  00:00:00    
  Verifying  : linux-firmware-20150904-43.git6ebf5d5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                               1/26
  Verifying  : systemd-python-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                           2/26
  Verifying  : kernel-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              3/26
  Verifying  : kmod-20-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                           4/26
  Verifying  : systemd-libs-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                             5/26
  Verifying  : systemd-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  6/26
  Verifying  : systemd-sysv-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                             7/26
  Verifying  : dracut-config-rescue-033-360.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                      8/26
  Verifying  : libgudev1-219-19.el7_2.4.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                9/26
  Verifying  : initscripts-9.49.30-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              10/26
  Verifying  : dracut-network-033-360.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                           11/26
  Verifying  : dracut-033-360.el7_2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   12/26
  Verifying  : kmod-14-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          13/26
  Verifying  : dracut-config-rescue-033-161.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                       14/26
  Verifying  : systemd-sysv-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                15/26
  Verifying  : systemd-python-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              16/26
  Verifying  : libertas-sd8787-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                   17/26
  Verifying  : 2:libertas-usb8388-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                18/26
  Verifying  : dracut-033-161.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     19/26
  Verifying  : initscripts-9.49.17-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              20/26
  Verifying  : systemd-libs-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                21/26
  Verifying  : systemd-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     22/26
  Verifying  : dracut-network-033-161.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                             23/26
  Verifying  : libertas-sd8686-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                   24/26
  Verifying  : libgudev1-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   25/26
  Verifying  : linux-firmware-20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                             26/26

Installed:
  kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.10.1.el7                                                              linux-firmware.noarch 0:20150904-43.git6ebf5d5.el7                                                             

Updated:
  initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.30-1.el7                                                                                                                                                                              

Dependency Updated:
  dracut.x86_64 0:033-360.el7_2        dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 0:033-360.el7_2 dracut-network.x86_64 0:033-360.el7_2 kmod.x86_64 0:20-5.el7 libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 systemd.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4
  systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4 systemd-python.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4      systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.4

Replaced:
  libertas-sd8686-firmware.noarch 0:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7        libertas-sd8787-firmware.noarch 0:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7        libertas-usb8388-firmware.noarch 2:20140213-0.3.git4164c23.el7      

Complete!
[root@server1 /]#

3)      Confirm that the kernel package has been updated:

[root@server1 /]# yum list installed kernel
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
rhel-7-server-rpms                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.7 kB  00:00:00    
Installed Packages
kernel.x86_64                                                                                3.10.0-123.el7                                                                                     @anaconda/7.0     
kernel.x86_64                                                                                3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 

The output indicates that a higher version 3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 has been installed. It also shows the presence of the previous kernel.

[root@server1 /]# yum info kernel
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
rhel-7-server-rpms                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.7 kB  00:00:00    
Installed Packages
Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 123.el7
Size        : 127 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : anaconda
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.

Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 327.10.1.el7
Size        : 136 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : rhel-7-server-rpms
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.
                                                                              @rhel-7-server-rpms

4)      The /boot/grub2/grub.cfg file get the newest kernel menu entry added to it as well

[root@server1 /]# grep -v "#" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

[Output Truncated]

menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64) 7.0 (Maipo)' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc' {
     load_video
     set gfxpayload=keep
     insmod gzio
     insmod part_msdos
     insmod xfs
     set root='hd0,msdos2'
     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2 --hint='hd0,msdos2'  a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
     else
       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
     fi
     linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto  vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 LANG=en_US.utf8
     initrd16 /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, with Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64-advanced-a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc' {
     load_video
     set gfxpayload=keep
     insmod gzio
     insmod part_msdos
     insmod xfs
     set root='hd0,msdos2'
     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2 --hint='hd0,msdos2'  a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
     else
       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
     fi
     linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto  vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16
     initrd16 /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, with Linux 0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6-advanced-a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc' {
     load_video
     insmod gzio
     insmod part_msdos
     insmod xfs
     set root='hd0,msdos2'
     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2 --hint='hd0,msdos2'  a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
     else
       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc
     fi
     linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6 root=UUID=a96fc17c-94c5-44ce-99af-ef74dabca6fc ro vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto  vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16
     initrd16 /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-27739d9d19814b4eae2ddeaed745cea6.img
}

[Output Truncated]


5)      Reboot the system and you will see the new kernel menu entry shows up the GRUB boot list. The system will boot with this kernel as the install process has marked it as the default kernel.



6) Run the uname command again after the reboot to confirm the loading of the new kernel:

7) You can also view the contents of either of the following files to verify the new kernel:

# uname -r
# cat /proc/version
# cat /proc/cmdline




Thank you for reading.

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